1. Navigating the Filesystem
pwd: Prints the current working directory.
pwd
ls: Lists files and directories.
ls
cd: Changes the current directory.
cd /path/to/directory
2. File and Directory Operations
touch: Creates an empty file.
touch filename
mkdir: Creates a new directory.
mkdir directory_name
cp: Copies files or directories.
cp source_file destination
mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
mv source destination
rm: Removes files or directories.
rm filename
3. Viewing and Editing Files
cat: Displays the content of a file.
cat filename
less: Views the content of a file page by page.
less filename
nano: Edits files in the terminal.
nano filename
4. System Information
uname -a: Displays system information.
uname -a
df -h: Shows disk space usage.
df -h
top: Displays running processes.
top
5. User Management
whoami: Displays the current logged-in user.
whoami
sudo: Executes commands with superuser privileges.
sudo command
6. Package Management
apt update: Updates package lists.
sudo apt update
apt upgrade: Upgrades installed packages.
sudo apt upgrade
apt install: Installs a new package.
sudo apt install package_name
7. Networking
ifconfig: Displays network interfaces.
ifconfig
ping: Checks network connectivity.
ping hostname_or_ip
netstat: Displays network connections.
netstat
8. Disk Usage
du -sh: Shows disk usage of a directory.
du -sh directory_name
lsblk: Lists information about block devices.
lsblk
9. Searching
grep: Searches for patterns within files.
grep 'pattern' filename
find: Searches for files and directories.
find /path -name 'filename'
10. Permissions
chmod: Changes file permissions.
chmod permissions filename
chown: Changes file owner and group.
chown owner:group filename